root crop technical aids

Stubble Turnip Technical Aid

TriAls Data

Variety	Type	Relative DM Yield %	Relative Fresh Yield %	Relative Root Dry Matter Yield %	Relative Leaf DM Yield %	Disease Resistance 9 = Best
100%=Tonnes/Ha						Mildew	Alternaria
Samson (Tet)	Purple tankard	103	108	119	84	5	6
Delilah	White tankard	100	101	117	78	8	7
Barkant (c)	Purple tankard	100	100	100	100	*	*
Rondo	Green globe	93	88	96	90	8	7
Dynamo	Purple globe	88	91	99	76	5	8
Whitestar	White globe	84	81	79	91	*	*
Skyfall Hybrid	Leafy	86	68	44	136	6	7
Tyfon	Leafy	78	74	56	105	3	7

Data Source: Limagrain UK trials 1993 – 2019 (c) Control Tet: Tetraploid *No data available Disease Scores Dec 2017 Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year

Typical Yields and Feed Quality

Average dry matter yield	=	4 – 5.5 tonnes/ha
Average fresh yields	=	40 – 50 tonnes/ha
Dry matter	=	8 – 9%
Crude protein	=	17 – 18%
Digestibility value	=	68 – 70%
Metabolisable energy	=	11 MJ/kg DM

Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010

Typical Costs and Values

	Total Cost
Cost per hectare	£305/ha
Cost per tonne fresh weight	£5
Cost per tonne utilised dry matter	£66
Relative value £/tonne DM	£135
Cost per litre of milk	2.7p
Cost per kilo of live weight gain	17.9p

Sowing rates per hectare

Drilled into Stubble	Drilled after Grass	Broadcast
4-5kg	5-6kg	6-7kg

Fertiliser Guidelines

SNS Index	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)	100	90	80	60	40	0 – 40	0
Phosphate (P₂O₅) (kg/ha)	85	55	25	0	0	0	0
Potash (K₂O) (kg/ha)	110	80	50 (-2) 20 (+2)	0	0	0	0

When grown as a catch crop after cereals, apply no more than 75kg N/ha at index 0 or 1. Further reductions may be made if the soil is moist and has been cultivated. For stubble turnips sown after mid-August, apply 50 P₂O₅/ha at index 0 only.
Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209)

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Forage Rape & Hybrids Tehnical Aid

TriAls Data

Variety	Relative DM Yield %	Relative Fresh Yield %	DM Content %	Disease Resistance 9 = Best		Winter Hardiness (9 = Best)
100%=Tonnes/Ha				Mildew	Alternaria
Interval (Hybrid)	117	125	12.3	9	8	2
Unicorn (Hybrid)	111	114	12.8	8	8	2
Swift (Hybrid)	108	113	12.6	8	8	2
Hobson	107	102	13.9	8	8	5
Gorilla	103	97	14.1	6	7	*
Rampart	102	105	12.7	8	8	*
Stego	102	99	13.6	*	*	4
Emerald (c)	100	100	13.2	6	8	4
Redstart (Hybrid)	93	94	13.1	7	7	4
Winfred	93	91	13.5	*	*	5
Avon	92	97	12.5	7	8	*
Hungry Gap	84	82	13.5	9	8	4

Data Source: Limagrain UK trials 1998-2019 © Control * No data available Winter Hardiness Scored January 2011 only Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year

Typical Yields and Feed Quality

Average dry matter yield	=	3.5 – 4.0 tonnes/ha
Average fresh yields	=	24 – 35 tonnes/ha
Dry matter	=	12 – 13%
Crude protein	=	19 – 20%
Digestibility value	=	65%
Metabolisable energy	=	10 – 11 MJ/kg DM

Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010

Typical Costs and Values

	Total Cost
Cost per hectare	£408/ha
Cost per tonne fresh weight	£12
Cost per tonne utilised dry matter	£107
Relative value £/tonne DM	£141
Cost per litre of milk	4.5p
Cost per kilo of live weight gain	29.7p

Sowing rates per hectare

Drilled into Stubble	Drilled after Grass	Broadcast
6kg	7kg	8kg

Fertiliser Guidelines

SNS Index	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)	100	90	80	60	40	0 – 40	0
Phosphate (P₂O₅) (kg/ha)	85	55	25	0	0	0	0
Potash (K₂O) (kg/ha)	110	80	50 (-2) 20 (+2)	0	0	0	0

When grown as a catch crop after cereals, apply no more than 75kg N/ha at index 0 or 1. Further reductions may be made if the soil is moist and has been cultivated.
Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209)

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Forage Peas Tehnical Aid

TriAls Data

Variety	Relative DM Yield %	Relative Fresh Yield %	DM Content %	Crude Protein Content %	Leaf Type	Flower Colour
100%=Tonnes/Ha	5.12	22.2
Magnus	100	100	23.1	15.1	semi – leafless	Coloured
Tiberius	92	92	23.0	13.8	semi – leafless	White
Mantara	89	88	23.4	14.6	semi – leafless	Coloured
Audit	89	87	23.5	15.8	semi – leafless	White
Prophet	86	83	24.0	15.8	semi – leafless	White
Javlo	77	78	23.0	17.4	semi – leafless	White
Arable Silage Mixtures:
Protein Plus	148	84	40.4	9.6	–	–
Prosile	124	87	32.9	12.0	–	–

Data Source: Limagrain UK trials 2016. Harvested as silage

Typical Yields and Feed Quality

Average dry matter yield	=	4 – 6 tonnes/ha
Average fresh yields	=	20 – 25 tonnes/ha
Dry matter	=	20 – 25%
Crude protein	=	16 – 20%
Digestibility value	=	62 – 64%
Metabolisable energy	=	10 – 10.5 MJ/kg DM

Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010

Typical Costs and Values

	Total Cost
Cost per hectare	£708/ha
Cost per tonne fresh weight	£27
Cost per tonne utilised dry matter	£102
Relative value £/tonne DM	£128
Cost per litre of milk	5.0p
Cost per kilo of live weight gain	33.11p

Sowing rates per hectare

Drilled	Broadcast	Arable Silage Mixture
125kg	150kg	175-200

Fertiliser Guidelines

SNS Index	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Phosphate (P₂O₅) (kg/ha)	100	70	40	0	0	0	0
Potash (K₂O) (kg/ha)	100	70	40 (-2) 20 (+2)	0	0	0	0

Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209)

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Fodder Beet Tehnical Aid

TriAls Data

Variety	Relative DM Yield %	Relative Fresh Yield %	Dry Matter Content %	Skin Colour	% of Root in Ground	Mean Bolter Count
100%=Tonnes/Ha	18.5	89.5
Tadorne	113	103	22.7	White	74.0	0.0
Brick RT	112	96	24.1	White	76.3	0.0
Tarine RT	102	103	20.5	Pink	64.4	0.0
Enermax	101	99	21.1	White	67.3	0.2
Blizzard	100	93	22.2	White	72.3	0.8
Magnum (c)	100	100	20.6	White	65.1	0.2
Robbos	99	103	19.8	Yellow	60.0	0.8
Blaze	95	105	18.7	Red	57.1	0.5
Jamon	94	108	17.9	Orange	57.0	0.5
Geronimo	93	110	17.6	Orange	*	*
Kyros	92	104	18.4	Orange	58.0	0.9
Starmon	92	96	19.7	Yellow	56.7	0.9
Jauna	90	94	19.9	Orange	62.1	*
Lactimo	89	101	18.2	Orange	*	*
Feldherr	88	115	15.8	Orange	49.6	1.7
Brigadier	75	108	13.8	Orange	47.9	2.0

Data Source: Limagrain UK trials 1998-2019 (c) Control RT = Rhizomania tolerant *No data available Not all varieties tested every year Not all scores taken every year

Typical Yields and Feed Quality

Average dry matter yield	=	15 – 18 tonnes/ha
Average fresh yields	=	80 – 100 tonnes/ha
Dry matter	=	15 – 24%
Crude protein	=	12 – 13%
Digestibility value	=	78%
Metabolisable energy	=	12.5 – 13MJ/kg DM

The figures above relate to roots only. Leaves may also be fed after wilting and will contribute a further 3-4 tonnes of dry matter per hectare.
Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010

Typical Costs and Values

	Total Cost
Cost per hectare	£1460/ha
Cost per tonne fresh weight	£16
Cost per tonne utilised dry matter	£115
Relative value £/tonne DM	£122
Cost per litre of milk	6.2p
Cost per kilo of live weight gain	34.3p

Sowing rates per hectare

Pelleted Seed	Precision Drilled
3.50 – 4.75mm	100,000 seeds

Fertiliser Guidelines

SNS Index	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)	130	120	110	90	60	0 – 40	0
Phosphate (P₂O₅) (kg/ha)	110	80	50	0	0	0	0
Potash (K₂O) (kg/ha)	170	40	110 (-2) 80 (+2)	40	0	0	0

Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209)

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Kale Tehnical Aid

TriAls Data

Variety	Type	Relative DM Yield %	Relative Fresh Yield %	DM Content %	Leaf : Stem Ratio (High = Leafy)	Height cm	Digestibility Value %	Winter Hardiness (9 = Best)
100%=Tonnes/Ha		9.7	70.2
Caledonian CR	Marrow stem	122	123	13.8	0.6	105	71.2	5
Bombardier CR NEW	Marrow stem	118	121	13.5	0.5	102	72.2	5
Grampian CR	Marrow stem	115	113	14.1	0.6	101	73.7	4
Pinfold ©	Intermediate	112	100	15.6	1.0	101	71.1	6
Bittern	Intermediate	112	101	15.5	0.8	94	74.0	*
Voltage	Intermediate	104	93	15.7	0.9	97	70.6	5
Keeper	Short	104	92	15.7	1.2	85	74.2	5
Maris Kestrel	Short	100	100	13.9	1.1	74	75.6	3
Thousand Head	Older standard	100	83	16.6	1.2	99	70.1	*

Data Source: Limagrain UK trials & James Hutton Institute Trials 1991 – 2013 © Control Winter hardiness scored Jan 2011 Note: Not all varieties trialled every year, not all scores taken every year
* No data available CR: Club root tolerant

Typical Yields and Feed Quality

Average dry matter yield	=	8 – 10 tonnes/ha
Average fresh yields	=	60 – 70 tonnes/ha
Dry matter	=	14 – 16%
Crude protein	=	16 – 17%
Digestibility value	=	70 – 75%
Metabolisable energy	=	10 – 11 MJ/kg DM

Data Source: Kingshay Forage Costings Report 2010

Typical Costs and Values

	Total Cost
Cost per hectare	£496/ha
Cost per tonne fresh weight	£7
Cost per tonne utilised dry matter	£67
Relative value £/tonne DM	£133
Cost per litre of milk	2.8p
Cost per kilo of live weight gain	18.8p

Sowing rates per hectare

Precision Drilled	Direct Drilled	Broadcast
2kg	4-5kg	8kg

Fertiliser Guidelines

SNS Index	0	1	2	3	4	5	6
Nitrogen (N) (kg/ha)	130	120	110	90	60	0 – 40	0
Phosphate (P₂O₅) (kg/ha)	110	80	50	0	0	0	0
Potash (K₂O) (kg/ha)	260	280	200 (-2) 170 (+2)	130	0	0	0

Data Source: DEFRA Fertiliser Manual (RB209)